What does the 1st Amendment protect in the U.S. Constitution?

The 1st Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects several fundamental rights, primarily focusing on the freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition. By guaranteeing freedom of speech, individuals are allowed to express their thoughts and ideas without government interference. This right is vital for a democratic society, as it ensures robust discussions and the ability to challenge the government or societal norms.

Moreover, the 1st Amendment safeguards the freedom of religion, allowing individuals to practice their beliefs without fear of government intervention or persecution. This aspect promotes a diverse and pluralistic society where multiple faiths and beliefs can coexist peacefully.

In contrast, the other choices pertain to different amendments and rights within the Constitution. The right to bear arms is secured by the 2nd Amendment, protection against self-incrimination is provided by the 5th Amendment, and the right to private property is generally safeguarded by the 5th Amendment through the Takings Clause. Thus, the correct option highlights the essential freedoms articulated in the 1st Amendment, which are foundational to American democratic principles.