What is a "complaint" in legal terms?

A "complaint" in legal terms is a written statement that outlines the essential facts of a public offense. It serves as the initial document filed in a legal proceeding, detailing the allegations and claims against the defendant. This document is critical because it formally initiates the legal process and informs the defendant of the charges being levied against them. The complaint must present the fundamental aspects of the case, allowing the court to understand the nature of the accusations and enabling the defendant to prepare a response accordingly.

Other choices do not accurately define what a complaint is in a legal context. A formal request for a retrial refers to a distinct legal action taken after a trial has concluded. An order to appear in court is more akin to a summons, which compels an individual to attend a legal proceeding. A command for a police investigation does not embody the concept of a legal complaint but rather represents a call for law enforcement action. Therefore, the correct understanding of a complaint is crucial as it forms the backbone of initiating legal proceedings.